Here's how brake controllers typically work:
1. Connection: The brake controller is electrically connected to the towing vehicle and the towed vehicle. This connection allows the brake controller to receive signals from the towing vehicle and send control signals to the brakes of the towed vehicle.
2. Inertia Sensing: Most brake controllers use an inertia sensor to detect the deceleration of the towing vehicle. The inertia sensor is a pendulum-like device that moves when the towing vehicle slows down or comes to a stop. The movement of the pendulum generates an electrical signal that is proportional to the deceleration force.
3. Signal Processing: The brake controller processes the electrical signal from the inertia sensor. It uses this signal to determine the appropriate amount of braking force that should be applied to the towed vehicle. This calculation considers the weight of the towed vehicle and the desired braking intensity.
4. Output to Towed Vehicle: The brake controller sends an electrical signal to the towed vehicle's electric brake system. This signal activates the electromagnets in the brake drums or calipers of the towed vehicle, applying braking force to the wheels.
5. Proportional Braking: Many brake controllers provide proportional braking, which means that the braking force applied to the towed vehicle increases in proportion to the deceleration of the towing vehicle. This ensures smooth and controlled braking, preventing the towed vehicle from swaying or jackknifing.
6. Manual Override: Brake controllers typically include a manual override feature that allows the driver to apply the brakes of the towed vehicle independently. This is useful in situations where additional braking force is needed or when troubleshooting brake controller issues.
7. User Adjustments: Brake controllers usually offer adjustable settings to customize the braking intensity and response time based on the weight and characteristics of the towed vehicle. This allows for optimal braking performance for different towing scenarios.
It's important to note that brake controllers are only effective when the towed vehicle is equipped with electric brakes. If the towed vehicle has hydraulic brakes, a different type of brake controller, known as a hydraulic brake controller, is required.
Proper installation, adjustment, and maintenance of the brake controller are crucial for safe towing operations. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of the brake controller and the towed vehicle to ensure safe and effective braking performance.
