Here's a breakdown of the process and what's involved:
1. Choosing a Fuel Injection System:
* Throttle Body Injection (TBI): This is the simplest option and commonly found in older GM vehicles. You can find complete TBI systems from companies like Edelbrock or Holley, which include the intake manifold, injectors, throttle body, and sensors.
* Multi-Port Fuel Injection (MPI): This offers better performance and fuel efficiency, but requires more extensive modifications. You would need to replace the intake manifold, injectors, fuel rail, and electronic control unit (ECU).
2. Necessary Components:
* Fuel Injection Intake Manifold: This is the foundation of your fuel injection system.
* Injectors: You'll need a set of fuel injectors compatible with your chosen fuel injection system.
* Fuel Rail and Fuel Lines: These will connect the fuel injectors and distribute fuel.
* Fuel Pump and Regulator: You'll need a high-pressure fuel pump and regulator suitable for fuel injection.
* Electronic Control Unit (ECU): This is the brain of the fuel injection system, controlling fuel delivery, ignition timing, and other engine functions.
* Sensors: You'll need various sensors like an oxygen sensor, coolant temperature sensor, manifold pressure sensor, etc., to provide data to the ECU.
* Wiring Harness: You'll need a new wiring harness or extensive modification to your existing harness to accommodate the fuel injection system.
* Other Parts: You might need additional parts like a new air intake, throttle cable, and engine mounts.
3. Installation Process:
* Removing the Carburetor and Manifold: First, remove the carburetor and intake manifold.
* Installing the Fuel Injection System: Install the new fuel injection intake manifold, fuel injectors, and fuel rail.
* Connecting Fuel Lines and Sensors: Connect the fuel lines, sensors, and wiring harness.
* Configuring the ECU: Program the ECU based on your engine specifications and desired performance settings.
* Testing and Adjustments: After installation, you'll need to test the system, make adjustments, and ensure it's running smoothly.
Challenges and Considerations:
* Complexity: Converting to fuel injection is a complex project involving mechanical, electrical, and programming aspects.
* Cost: It can be expensive due to the cost of parts, labor, and potential tuning.
* Technical Expertise: You'll need a good understanding of engine mechanics, electrical systems, and fuel injection principles.
* Emissions Compliance: Make sure the converted system meets your local emissions regulations.
Alternatives:
* Carbureted Intake Manifold with Fuel Injection: You can use a carbureted intake manifold with a fuel injection system, which is a simpler and less expensive option.
* Professional Installation: Consider having a professional mechanic or shop perform the conversion, especially if you lack experience or are unfamiliar with fuel injection systems.
In Conclusion:
Converting your 1986 El Camino from carburetor to fuel injection is a challenging but rewarding project. Do your research, gather the necessary parts and tools, and carefully consider your technical capabilities before taking on this project.
