Safety:
* Crash Tests: Frontal, side, and rear impact tests are conducted to assess the car's ability to protect occupants in a collision.
* Rollover Tests: The car is subjected to extreme maneuvers to evaluate its stability and potential for rollover.
* Braking Tests: These tests assess the effectiveness of the brakes under various conditions, including emergency braking and stopping distances.
* Stability Control Tests: The car's electronic stability control system is tested for its ability to maintain control during emergency maneuvers.
* Pedestrian Safety Tests: Evaluates the car's design and features to minimize pedestrian injuries in a collision.
Performance:
* Acceleration Tests: Measure how quickly the car can reach a specific speed.
* Top Speed Tests: Determines the maximum speed the car can achieve.
* Handling Tests: Evaluate the car's ability to handle curves, maintain control, and provide a responsive steering feel.
* Fuel Efficiency Tests: Measure the car's fuel consumption under different driving conditions.
* Emissions Tests: Assess the car's compliance with environmental regulations for tailpipe emissions.
Reliability & Durability:
* Durability Tests: Involve driving the car over rough terrain, extreme temperatures, and under heavy loads to assess its ability to withstand wear and tear.
* Component Testing: Individual parts and systems are tested to ensure their reliability and longevity.
* Climate Chamber Tests: The car is subjected to extreme temperatures (both hot and cold) to assess its performance under these conditions.
Other:
* Noise and Vibration Testing: Ensures the car's interior is quiet and comfortable.
* Ergonomics: The car's interior is evaluated for its comfort, ease of use, and driver visibility.
* User Interface Testing: Assesses the functionality and user-friendliness of the car's infotainment system and other electronic features.
* Real-World Testing: Many manufacturers conduct real-world testing on public roads to assess the car's performance and reliability in real-world conditions.
Organizations:
* National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA): Conducts crash tests and sets safety standards in the US.
* Euro NCAP: European New Car Assessment Programme, similar to NHTSA but for Europe.
* IIHS (Insurance Institute for Highway Safety): Conducts crash tests and evaluates car safety features.
Testing Methods:
* Physical Testing: Involves actual cars and drivers performing tests on tracks and controlled environments.
* Simulation: Uses computer models to simulate various scenarios, including crashes and extreme driving conditions.
These are just some of the tests that new cars undergo. The specific tests vary depending on the vehicle's type, intended use, and regulatory requirements.
