While there have been various attempts to create cars that use water in some way (often involving electrolysis to produce hydrogen), none of these are truly "water-powered." They usually rely on external energy sources to split the water into hydrogen and oxygen, and the hydrogen then powers a fuel cell or combustion engine. This is a different process than direct water combustion.
Therefore, there's no date for the invention of a "water-powered car" because such a vehicle is not feasible with current technology.