* Infrastructure: A massive network of hydrogen refueling stations needs to be built. This is a hugely expensive undertaking, far beyond the current investment. The existing gas station infrastructure took decades to develop.
* Production Costs: Producing green hydrogen (hydrogen made using renewable energy sources) is currently expensive. While costs are decreasing, they need to drop significantly to make hydrogen cars competitive with EVs.
* Vehicle Costs: Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are complex and expensive to manufacture. The cost of the fuel cells themselves is a major factor.
* Energy Efficiency: The process of producing, transporting, and using hydrogen is less energy-efficient than directly using electricity in battery electric vehicles (BEVs).
While some hydrogen car models are already available (though very limited and expensive), the necessary infrastructure and cost reductions for widespread adoption are still many years away. Battery electric vehicles are currently making much faster progress due to already existing electricity infrastructure and rapidly decreasing battery costs. It's more likely that BEVs will dominate the market for the foreseeable future, possibly leaving niche roles for hydrogen vehicles in specific applications like heavy-duty trucking where battery technology faces greater challenges.
