On a 2008 Chevy Impala, the catalytic converter is typically located in the exhaust system
underneath the vehicle, near the engine and before the muffler. It's usually close to the transmission and might be connected to a heat shield. Because of its location, you'll need to get under the car to see it.
However, the exact position can vary slightly depending on the engine type (3.5L V6 or 3.9L V6) and whether it has a single or dual exhaust system. A repair manual specific to your vehicle's year, make, and model would offer the most precise location.