Fuel System:
* Fuel pump: A failing fuel pump might be unable to deliver enough fuel, especially when hot. Listen for the fuel pump whirring when you turn the key to the "on" position (before cranking). No whirring suggests a pump issue.
* Fuel filter: A clogged fuel filter will restrict fuel flow. It's a cheap and easy part to replace.
* Fuel injectors: Clogged or failing injectors can prevent fuel from reaching the cylinders. This often requires a professional diagnosis.
* Fuel pressure: A fuel pressure gauge is needed to test the pressure at the fuel rail. Low pressure indicates a problem somewhere in the fuel system.
Ignition System:
* Distributor cap and rotor: Worn or cracked components can prevent a spark. Inspect for cracks, carbon tracking, or corrosion.
* Ignition coil: A failing coil won't produce the necessary high voltage for ignition.
* Spark plugs and wires: Worn, fouled, or loose spark plugs or wires will cause misfires or prevent starting. Check for gaps and condition.
* Ignition module (or ICM): This controls the ignition system. A faulty module can cause intermittent starting problems.
* Crankshaft Position Sensor (CKP Sensor): This sensor tells the computer the engine's rotational position. A faulty one prevents the engine from starting.
Other Possibilities:
* Battery: A weak battery can cause slow cranking or a complete failure to start. Test the battery voltage.
* Alternator: A bad alternator won't recharge the battery. This might not be the initial cause of the problem, but it can prevent it from restarting after it dies.
* Starter: A failing starter might not engage properly.
* Computer/ECM: Although less common, a faulty engine control module (ECM) can cause a variety of problems, including the engine dying unexpectedly.
* Heat soak: If the engine was running for a while and then died, excessive heat can cause vapor lock in the fuel system.
Troubleshooting Steps:
1. Check the basics: Battery voltage, fuel level, obvious signs of damage or leaks.
2. Listen for the fuel pump: Turn the key to "on" and listen for the pump.
3. Check spark: Remove a spark plug wire, ground it to the engine block, and crank the engine. Look for a strong spark.
4. Inspect the distributor cap and rotor: Look for cracks, corrosion, or wear.
5. Check spark plugs and wires: Inspect for condition and proper gap.
If you're not comfortable working on cars, it's best to take it to a mechanic. The above information should help you communicate the problem more effectively, but diagnosing the exact issue will likely require tools and experience. Giving more information about the circumstances (e.g., did it die suddenly, did it sputter, was there any smoke, etc.) would also help narrow down the possibilities.
