1. Fuel System:
* Fuel Pump: Listen carefully near the fuel tank while cranking. You should hear a whirring sound from the fuel pump. If not, it might be faulty or not getting power. Check the fuel pump relay and fuse.
* Fuel Filter: A clogged fuel filter will restrict fuel flow. This is a relatively easy and inexpensive part to replace.
* Fuel Pressure: You'll need a fuel pressure gauge to check the pressure at the fuel rail. This requires some mechanical knowledge, but it's a crucial step to diagnose fuel delivery problems. The pressure should be within the specifications listed in your owner's manual or a repair manual for your specific engine (likely a 301 or 403 cubic inch V8).
* Fuel Injectors (if equipped): If your Trans Am has fuel injection (less common in '82, but possible), check for clogged or malfunctioning injectors. This usually requires specialized tools and knowledge.
* Fuel Delivery Line: Inspect fuel lines for cracks, leaks, or kinks.
2. Ignition System:
* Spark Plugs & Wires: Check the spark plugs for wear, fouling, or damage. Inspect the spark plug wires for cracks or damage. Replace if necessary. A simple test is to pull a wire, ground it to the engine block, and crank the engine. You should see a strong spark. If not, there's a problem in the ignition system.
* Distributor Cap & Rotor: Inspect for cracks, carbon buildup, or worn contacts. These parts should be clean and in good condition for reliable spark.
* Ignition Coil: A faulty coil won't produce the high voltage needed for spark.
* Ignition Module (or Electronic Control Unit - ECU): These components control the ignition timing and spark. A failing module can prevent the engine from starting. This requires more advanced diagnostics.
* Cranking Speed: Is the engine cranking slowly? A weak battery, bad starter, or problems with the charging system could result in insufficient power to the ignition system.
3. Other Potential Issues:
* Computer/ECU Problems (if equipped): Older fuel-injected models will have some form of computer control. A faulty ECU could prevent the engine from starting.
* Sensor Problems: Various sensors (e.g., crankshaft position sensor, coolant temperature sensor) might be faulty and sending incorrect signals to the ECU, preventing starting. These require more advanced diagnostic tools.
* Security System (if equipped): If your car has an aftermarket or factory anti-theft system, it could be preventing the engine from starting.
* Starter Solenoid: While the starter cranks, a faulty solenoid might not engage the starter motor fully.
Troubleshooting Steps:
1. Check the obvious: Battery terminals, fuses, and connections. Clean any corrosion.
2. Listen carefully: Note any unusual noises during cranking.
3. Start with the simple stuff: Spark plugs, wires, fuel filter are cheap and relatively easy to check/replace.
4. Use a multimeter: To check for voltage, continuity, and resistance in various components.
5. Consult a repair manual: A Haynes or Chilton manual for your specific year and model will have detailed wiring diagrams, troubleshooting guides, and specifications.
If you're not comfortable working on cars, take it to a qualified mechanic. Diagnosing a no-start condition can be challenging, and improper troubleshooting could lead to further damage. Giving them a detailed description of the symptoms will help them diagnose the issue more efficiently.
