1. Identify the Symptoms:
* Whining, groaning, or squealing noise: Often indicates low power steering fluid, a failing power steering pump, or a problem with the power steering belt. The noise might change with steering wheel position or engine speed.
* Stiff steering: This can be caused by low fluid, a failing pump, a faulty power steering rack and pinion, or a problem within the steering column. It might be consistently stiff or only stiff at low speeds.
* Steering wheel vibration: Could indicate a problem with the power steering rack and pinion, worn tie rod ends, or other steering components (not necessarily directly related to the power steering system itself).
* Fluid leaks: Look under the car for any signs of power steering fluid leaks around the pump, hoses, rack and pinion, or fittings. Fluid is typically reddish-brown.
* Intermittent power steering: This points to a problem with the pump, wiring, or possibly even a failing sensor.
2. Visual Inspection:
* Check the power steering fluid level: The reservoir is usually clear and easily accessible in the engine bay. Low fluid is a common problem and can lead to damage if not addressed. Never add fluid until you determine the cause of the leak. Adding fluid to a system with a leak just masks the problem and may lead to further damage.
* Inspect the power steering belt: Check for cracks, wear, or slippage. A worn belt can cause squealing and reduced power steering assist.
* Examine hoses and connections: Look for cracks, bulges, leaks, or loose fittings on the power steering hoses.
* Look for leaks around the power steering pump and rack and pinion: Pay close attention to the seals and connections.
3. Testing (requires some mechanical skill):
* Check the power steering pump: This is best done by a mechanic, as it requires specialized tools and knowledge. A failing pump might make unusual noises, be unable to build pressure, or have internal leaks. Often this requires replacing the entire pump.
* Check the power steering rack and pinion: This is also a more advanced diagnostic step, best performed by a mechanic. It can involve checking for leaks, play, or internal damage.
* Check the power steering pressure: Requires a pressure gauge specifically designed for power steering systems and is best left to professionals. This measures the actual hydraulic pressure generated by the pump.
* Check the power steering fluid for contamination: Milky or dark brown fluid may indicate water contamination.
4. Possible Causes and Solutions (based on symptoms):
* Low fluid: Add appropriate power steering fluid (consult your owner's manual). But only after identifying and fixing the leak!
* Worn power steering belt: Replace the belt.
* Leaking hose or fitting: Repair or replace the faulty component.
* Faulty power steering pump: Replace the pump.
* Faulty power steering rack and pinion: This is an expensive repair and likely requires professional attention.
* Electrical issues (intermittent power steering): This requires testing the power steering system's electrical components, which is best done by a mechanic with diagnostic equipment.
Important Considerations:
* Safety: Always work on a level, stable surface with the engine off and cool. Power steering fluid is harmful to skin and eyes. Wear protective gloves and eyewear.
* Professional Help: If you are not comfortable performing these checks or repairs, it's best to take your Cobalt to a qualified mechanic. Diagnosing and repairing power steering problems can be complex and require specialized tools and knowledge. Misdiagnosis can lead to further damage and costly repairs.
This guide provides a starting point. The exact cause of your power steering problem will depend on the specific symptoms your car is exhibiting. Remember safety first, and don't hesitate to seek professional help if needed.
