R-12 systems have different seals, lubricants, and operating pressures than R-134a systems. R-134a is not compatible with the lubricants used in R-12 systems, and the seals may leak significantly with R-134a.
To properly convert the system, you need a complete retrofit kit. This kit will include:
* New compressor oil: R-12 systems use mineral oil, while R-134a systems require a PAG (polyalkylene glycol) oil. The mineral oil is incompatible with R-134a.
* New O-rings and seals: R-134a requires different O-rings and seals that are compatible with both the refrigerant and the PAG oil. The old seals will likely fail with R-134a.
* Possibly an expansion valve or orifice tube: These components may need replacement depending on the kit and the specific design of your system. The R-134a system may have different flow requirements.
* Possibly a drier: The drier removes moisture and contaminants from the system. It's crucial to replace this during the conversion to protect the new components from contamination.
The process is complex and requires specialized knowledge and equipment. It's not a DIY job for most people. Attempting the conversion incorrectly can damage the compressor, condenser, evaporator, and other components, leading to costly repairs or even complete system failure.
Recommendation:
Find a qualified automotive air conditioning specialist with experience converting R-12 systems to R-134a. They have the necessary tools, knowledge, and refrigerant handling equipment to perform the conversion safely and correctly. The cost will be significant, but it's far less expensive than replacing the entire AC system due to a botched conversion. Also, consider that some states have regulations regarding the handling of refrigerants like R-12.