1. Fuel Pump: This is the most common culprit.
* Listen for the pump: Have someone turn the ignition key to the "on" position (don't start the engine). You should hear a brief whirring sound from the fuel pump (usually near the fuel tank). If you don't hear it, the pump might be faulty, the relay is bad, or there's a wiring problem.
* Check the fuel pump relay: Locate the fuel pump relay in the fuse box (consult your owner's manual). Try swapping it with a relay of the same amperage rating for a known good one (like the horn relay, if you can identify it as such – be careful not to mix them up permanently!) This helps determine if the relay itself is the problem.
* Check the fuel pump fuse: Similar to the relay, check the fuse in the fuse box.
* Check fuel pressure: This requires a fuel pressure gauge. You'll need to connect it to the fuel rail (carefully!) and check the pressure while cranking the engine. The pressure should be within the specifications listed in your owner's manual. Low or no pressure indicates a pump, filter, or pressure regulator problem.
2. Fuel Filter: A clogged fuel filter restricts fuel flow.
* Inspect the fuel filter: Locate the fuel filter (often near the fuel pump) and visually inspect it. If it's visibly dirty or damaged, replace it.
3. Fuel Lines: A kinked, cracked, or clogged fuel line will prevent fuel from reaching the engine.
* Visually inspect fuel lines: Carefully examine all fuel lines for damage, leaks, or kinks.
4. Fuel Injectors: If the fuel pump is working and the lines are clear, the injectors themselves might be clogged or faulty. This is more complex and usually requires specialized tools and knowledge to diagnose.
5. Throttle Body/Carburetor: (depending on whether your van has fuel injection or a carburetor) A problem here could prevent fuel from being atomized and entering the engine.
* Carburetor: If you have a carburetor, it might need cleaning or rebuilding.
* Fuel Injection: A clogged throttle body can restrict fuel flow in fuel injection systems.
6. Ignition System: While you're saying it's likely not getting fuel, a weak spark can also prevent the engine from starting, leading to the *impression* of a fuel problem. Check the spark plugs and wires.
7. Pick-up in the Gas Tank: A less common issue, a damaged or clogged fuel pickup tube in the gas tank itself can prevent the pump from drawing fuel.
Troubleshooting Steps:
1. Start with the easiest and most common – listen for the fuel pump.
2. Check the fuel pump relay and fuse.
3. Visually inspect the fuel filter and lines.
4. If you have the tools and knowledge, check fuel pressure.
5. If all else fails, it might be time to consult a mechanic.
Safety First: Fuel is flammable. Work in a well-ventilated area and avoid sparks or open flames. If you're not comfortable working on your vehicle's fuel system, take it to a qualified mechanic. Improper fuel system repairs can be dangerous.
