* Low Transmission Fluid: This is the simplest and cheapest thing to check first. Low fluid level leads to insufficient lubrication, causing harsh shifting and potential damage. Check the fluid level with the engine running and warmed up (consult your owner's manual for the proper procedure). If low, top it off with the correct type of transmission fluid specified for your Cavalier's automatic transmission. However, *do not* overfill.
* Contaminated Transmission Fluid: Old, dirty, or burned transmission fluid loses its lubricating properties and can cause harsh shifts. If the fluid is dark, smells burnt, or has debris in it, it needs to be changed and the transmission filter (if applicable) should be replaced.
* Worn or Damaged Clutch Packs (Automatic Transmission): Inside the automatic transmission are clutch packs that engage and disengage to shift gears. Wear or damage to these packs can lead to hard shifts, especially into second gear. This is a significant repair requiring a transmission overhaul or replacement.
* Problems with the Valve Body (Automatic Transmission): The valve body controls fluid flow within the transmission. Worn valves, clogged passages, or internal leaks can disrupt the proper shifting sequence. Repair or replacement of the valve body is typically an involved process.
* Shift Solenoids (Automatic Transmission): These are electrically controlled valves within the transmission that manage fluid flow for shifting. A faulty solenoid can cause erratic or harsh shifting. These are relatively easier to replace than an entire valve body but still require some mechanical knowledge.
* Worn or Damaged Synchronizers (Manual Transmission): If your Cavalier has a manual transmission, worn synchronizers in second gear are a likely cause. Synchronizers help match the speed of the gears before engagement. Damaged synchronizers result in grinding and hard shifting. This requires a transmission repair or rebuild.
* Internal Transmission Problems: More serious internal problems such as worn gears, bearings, or other internal components can manifest as hard shifting. These typically require a major transmission repair or replacement.
* Transmission Linkage (Manual Transmission): If it's a manual transmission, problems with the linkage connecting the shifter to the transmission could cause it to feel stiff or shift harshly.
Troubleshooting Steps:
1. Check the transmission fluid level and condition. This is the easiest and most important first step.
2. If the fluid is low or dirty, have it changed and the filter replaced (if applicable).
3. If the problem persists, take it to a qualified mechanic specializing in automatic or manual transmissions. A proper diagnosis requires specialized tools and knowledge to pinpoint the exact cause.
Ignoring a hard-shifting problem can lead to further transmission damage, resulting in costly repairs or even the need for a transmission replacement. Addressing it promptly is crucial.
