1. Simple Checks (Do these FIRST):
* Low Fuel: This sounds obvious, but a low fuel level can sometimes prevent the pump from priming. Add some fuel and try again.
* Blown Fuse: Check the fuse box for a blown fuse related to the fuel pump. Your owner's manual will show you the correct fuse.
* Faulty Fuel Pump Relay: The relay acts as a switch for the fuel pump. A bad relay will prevent power from reaching the pump. You can often swap the relay with a similar one (make sure you note the location and number before doing so) to test this.
* Power at the Fuel Pump: This requires a multimeter. You need to check for power at the fuel pump's connector. Caution: This involves working with potentially hazardous electrical components. If you're not comfortable with this, take it to a mechanic. You should have power only when the ignition is turned ON (not cranking).
2. More Complex Issues (Often require a mechanic):
* Failed Fuel Pump: The pump itself may have burned out due to age, wear, or debris in the fuel tank. This is the most common cause.
* Wiring Problems: A break or short in the wiring between the relay, fuse, and fuel pump can interrupt the power supply. This often requires tracing the wires.
* Fuel Pump Control Module (PCM) Issues: The PCM (Powertrain Control Module) or ECM (Engine Control Module) controls the fuel pump. A faulty PCM can prevent the pump from activating. Diagnosis usually requires a scan tool.
* Inertia Switch: Some vehicles have an inertia switch that cuts power to the fuel pump in the event of a collision. Check your owner's manual for its location and reset it if necessary.
* Stuck Pressure Regulator: The fuel pressure regulator could be faulty and preventing the pump from building pressure. This can manifest as a non-running pump.
* Fuel Tank Issues: Issues within the fuel tank itself, such as corrosion or debris interfering with the pump, could be the cause.
Troubleshooting Steps:
1. Start with the simple checks (fuse, relay, fuel level). These are the easiest and cheapest fixes.
2. Check for power at the pump connector. This will tell you if the electrical system is working correctly.
3. If you've ruled out the simple problems and still have no power at the pump, it's likely a wiring issue, a failed PCM, or a more serious problem within the fuel system. At this point, it's highly recommended to take it to a qualified mechanic for diagnosis and repair.
Safety Note: Gasoline is highly flammable. Always work in a well-ventilated area and avoid sparks or open flames while working on the fuel system. If you're not comfortable working on your vehicle's fuel system yourself, it's best to have a qualified mechanic diagnose and repair the problem.
