* Ignition System: Moisture can cause shorts or high resistance in the ignition system components. This includes:
* Ignition Coil: A cracked or failing coil is more prone to malfunction in damp conditions.
* Ignition wires/distributor cap and rotor (if applicable): Cracks or corrosion in these components can lead to misfires, especially when wet. These are particularly vulnerable in older cars.
* Crank position sensor (CPS): A failing CPS can prevent the engine from receiving the signal to fire. Moisture can exacerbate this problem.
* Fuel System:
* Fuel pump: Cold temperatures can thicken the fuel, making it harder for the pump to deliver sufficient pressure. Added moisture in the fuel lines can exacerbate this.
* Fuel injectors: Clogged or malfunctioning injectors may not deliver fuel effectively, especially in cold conditions. Water in the fuel will also hinder injection.
* Fuel filter: A clogged filter restricts fuel flow, and moisture can make this worse.
* Sensor Problems:
* Mass Airflow Sensor (MAF): A dirty or malfunctioning MAF sensor can cause a lean fuel mixture, preventing the engine from starting. Rain can further contaminate the sensor.
* Temperature sensors: Incorrect temperature readings can lead to improper fuel/air mixture.
* Battery and Cables: Although you say it cranks, a weak battery exacerbated by cold and damp conditions might not provide enough power for the starter motor to reliably engage and for other essential components to function correctly. Check for corrosion on battery terminals and cables.
Troubleshooting Steps (in order of ease):
1. Check the battery and cables: Clean the terminals and check the cables for corrosion. Have the battery load tested at an auto parts store.
2. Check for spark: If you have some mechanical experience, you can check for spark at the spark plugs. This will quickly tell you if the problem is ignition related.
3. Listen for the fuel pump: Turn the ignition key to the "on" position (without cranking) and listen for the fuel pump to prime. You should hear a brief whirring sound. If not, you may have a fuel pump issue.
4. Inspect the ignition system: Visually inspect the distributor cap, rotor, and ignition wires for cracks or corrosion (if applicable).
5. Consider the water intrusion: Think about where water might be entering the car – especially around the engine bay and electrical components.
If you lack mechanical experience, it's best to take your Lincoln to a mechanic. Describing the specific conditions (cold and raining, cranks but no start) will help them diagnose the issue more efficiently.
