The question is ambiguous because there are many models of Corvettes and Dodge Challengers/Chargers (assuming you meant Dodge, not Chevy, as Chevy makes Corvettes). A top-of-the-line Corvette Z06 will almost certainly be faster than a base-model Dodge Challenger. However, a high-performance Dodge Challenger Hellcat Redeye could easily outperform a base Corvette.
To get a meaningful comparison, you need to specify the *exact models* of Corvette and Dodge you're comparing.