Before You Begin:
* Safety First: Disconnect the negative battery cable before starting any work on the electrical system. This prevents accidental shocks and short circuits.
* Gather Tools: You'll need a socket wrench set (likely metric), a ratchet, extensions, a breaker bar (possibly), a wire brush, penetrating oil (like PB Blaster), safety glasses, and possibly a jack and jack stands to get better access (depending on the van and your comfort level).
* Consult a Repair Manual: A Haynes or Chilton repair manual specific to your 1986 Chevrolet van model and engine is invaluable. It will provide detailed diagrams and instructions specific to your vehicle. This is highly recommended.
* New Starter: Make sure you have the correct replacement starter for your van's engine. The auto parts store can help you identify the correct part using your VIN.
General Steps:
1. Access the Starter: This is often the most challenging part. The starter is usually located on the engine block, near the bellhousing (where the engine connects to the transmission). You'll likely need to maneuver around other components like exhaust pipes, engine mounts, and wiring harnesses. You may need to partially remove or loosen some components to gain sufficient access. Again, your repair manual is crucial here.
2. Disconnect Electrical Connections: Carefully disconnect the large positive and small negative cables from the starter solenoid. Take pictures or make notes to remember how they were connected. Clean the terminals with a wire brush to ensure good contact with the new starter.
3. Remove the Starter Bolts: These bolts usually require a socket wrench. Penetrating oil can help loosen stubborn bolts. There are typically two or three bolts securing the starter to the engine block. Use the appropriate size socket and ratchet to remove them.
4. Remove the Starter: Once the bolts are out, carefully remove the starter. It may be somewhat heavy and awkward to maneuver.
5. Install the New Starter: Clean the mounting surface on the engine block. Position the new starter in place, aligning the mounting holes. Install the bolts and tighten them securely, but avoid over-tightening.
6. Reconnect Electrical Connections: Reconnect the positive and negative cables to the new starter's solenoid, ensuring a secure connection.
7. Reassemble: Reinstall any components you removed to access the starter.
8. Reconnect Battery: Reconnect the negative battery cable.
9. Test: Start the engine to verify that the new starter is working correctly.
Important Considerations:
* Torque Specifications: Your repair manual will provide the correct torque specifications for the starter mounting bolts. Over-tightening can damage the starter or engine block.
* Ground Connections: Ensure all ground connections are clean and tight. Poor grounding can cause starting problems.
* Flywheel Teeth: Inspect the flywheel teeth (the ring gear the starter engages with) for damage. Damaged teeth can cause starting problems even with a new starter.
Disclaimer: This is a general guide. Without knowing the specific model of your 1986 Chevrolet van and engine, I cannot provide precise instructions. Always consult a repair manual specific to your vehicle before attempting this repair. If you are not comfortable with automotive repairs, it is best to take your van to a qualified mechanic. Improperly installing a starter can cause damage to your vehicle.
