- Fuel for lighting: Petroleum was used in oil lamps, which were a common source of light in homes and businesses before the widespread availability of electricity.
- Lubricant: Petroleum-based products were used to lubricate machinery and engines.
- Disinfectant: Petroleum was used to disinfect surfaces and medical instruments.
- Building materials: Petroleum was used in the production of asphalt and roofing shingles.
- Pharmaceuticals: Petroleum was used in the production of medicines and cosmetics.
The demand for petroleum increased dramatically in the early 20th century with the invention of the automobile and internal combustion engine. Automobiles required gasoline as fuel, and petroleum was the primary source of gasoline. As the number of automobiles on the road increased, so did the demand for petroleum.
