1. Battery Plates (Positive and Negative)
- Positive plates made of lead dioxide, and negative plates made of pure spongy lead are the heart of the battery.
- They act as electrodes where chemical reactions take place.
2. Battery Electrolyte (Sulfuric Acid Solution)
- A mixture of sulfuric acid and water fills the space between the plates.
- It's responsible for the chemical reactions and the movement of ions during charging and discharging.
3. Separators (Insulating Material)
- Thin porous envelopes made of a non-conductive material (such as rubber or plastic) are placed between the positive and negative plates.
- They prevent the plates from touching each other, avoiding internal short circuits.
4. Battery Terminals (Positive and Negative)
- The positive and negative terminals at the top of the battery are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the vehicle's electrical system.
- These terminals allow current flow in and out of the battery.
5. Battery Case and Cover
- The battery case is usually made of polypropylene, a durable plastic.
- It holds all the components of the battery together, providing structural integrity.
- The battery cover seals the case, preventing spills and protecting against external factors.
Functions of the Battery in a Car:
- Starting: The main purpose of the battery is to provide a high burst of electrical power to the starter motor. Cranking the engine requires a significant amount of power, which the battery supplies.
- Electrical Power: The battery provides continuous electrical power to the car's accessories and systems even while the engine is not running. Examples include lights, audio system, dashboard instrumentation, and more.
- Reserve Capacity: The reserve capacity determines the battery's ability to power these accessories and systems without the support of the alternator (generator). It indicates the approximate time the battery can maintain its functions in the event the primary charging system fails.
- Cold Cranking Amps (CCA): Measured in amps, the CCA rating indicates the battery's capacity to deliver electrical current at low temperatures (generally 0 degrees Fahrenheit). Higher CCA values ensure reliable engine starting in cold climates or extreme weather.
