1. Powertrain:
- Hybrid Car: Hybrid cars combine a traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) with one or more electric motors and a battery. The electric motor assists the engine in providing power, and the battery stores electrical energy captured during braking or when the engine is not in use.
- Normal Car: Normal cars rely solely on a gasoline-powered internal combustion engine to generate power. They do not have an electric motor or a battery to assist the engine.
2. Engine:
- Hybrid Car: Hybrid cars typically use a smaller and more efficient gasoline engine compared to conventional cars. This is because the electric motor helps reduce the load on the engine, allowing it to operate more efficiently.
- Normal Car: Normal cars have a larger gasoline engine as it is the sole source of power for the vehicle.
3. Battery:
- Hybrid Car: Hybrid cars have a high-voltage battery that stores electrical energy. The battery powers the electric motor and provides assistance to the gasoline engine.
- Normal Car: Normal cars do not have a high-voltage battery as they do not have an electric motor.
4. Transmission:
- Hybrid Car: Hybrid cars often use a specialized transmission, such as a continuously variable transmission (CVT), to manage the power flow between the engine, electric motor, and wheels.
- Normal Car: Normal cars typically use a conventional automatic or manual transmission to transfer power from the engine to the wheels.
5. Regenerative Braking:
- Hybrid Car: Hybrid cars have a regenerative braking system that captures energy during braking and converts it into electrical energy, which is then stored in the battery.
- Normal Car: Normal cars do not have regenerative braking, so the kinetic energy lost during braking is wasted as heat.
6. Fuel Efficiency:
- Hybrid Car: Hybrid cars are generally more fuel-efficient than normal cars as the electric motor assists the engine, reducing fuel consumption.
- Normal Car: Normal cars have lower fuel efficiency compared to hybrid cars as they solely rely on the gasoline engine for power.
These structural differences impact the performance, fuel efficiency, and environmental impact of hybrid and normal cars. Hybrid cars offer improved fuel economy, reduced emissions, and smoother acceleration due to the combination of an electric motor and a gasoline engine.
