For example, if the ECU detects that the fuel pressure is too low, it can prevent the engine from starting to avoid damaging the engine. Similarly, if the ECU detects that the ignition timing is off, it can prevent the engine from starting to avoid engine knocking.
In addition, the ECU can also prevent the engine from starting if it detects a problem with the immobilizer system. The immobilizer system is an anti-theft device that prevents the engine from starting unless the correct key is inserted into the ignition. If the ECU detects that the key is not valid, it can prevent the engine from starting.