2. Electric Motor: The electric motor in an HEV assists the ICE in propelling the vehicle. It is powered by electricity from the battery and can also generate electricity to charge the battery.
3. Battery: The battery in an HEV stores electrical energy. This energy is used to power the electric motor and can also be used to start the ICE.
4. Transmission: The transmission in an HEV controls the flow of power from the ICE and electric motor to the wheels. It also allows the driver to select different gear ratios.
5. Power Electronics: The power electronics in an HEV convert the electrical energy from the battery and electric motor into the appropriate voltage and frequency for use by the ICE and other electrical components.
6. Regenerative Braking System: The regenerative braking system in an HEV captures energy that is lost during braking and converts it into electricity that is stored in the battery.
7. Electronic Control Unit (ECU): The ECU in an HEV is the brain of the system. It controls the operation of the ICE, electric motor, battery, and other electrical components.