Here's why:
* Size and Weight: The 454 is considerably larger and heavier than the engines typically found in a 1986 Caprice. This will require potential modifications to the engine bay, including possibly modifying or replacing the firewall, inner fenders, and possibly even the radiator support.
* Exhaust System: The 454's exhaust system will need to be custom-fabricated to fit the Caprice's chassis.
* Transmission: You'll likely need a stronger transmission than what came stock in the Caprice to handle the 454's torque. This might mean sourcing a different transmission and adapting it.
* Cooling System: A more robust cooling system will be necessary to keep the larger engine from overheating.
* Wiring and Electronics: The engine's wiring harness may not be compatible with the Caprice's electrical system, requiring significant rewiring.
* Suspension and Brakes: The increased weight of the 454 will put extra stress on the suspension and braking systems. Upgrading these components is highly recommended for safety.
In short, while it *can* be done, it's a significant undertaking requiring mechanical expertise, fabrication skills, and a considerable budget. It's not a project for a beginner.