* Design: Naturally aspirated, turbocharged, supercharged engines of the same displacement will have vastly different horsepower outputs.
* Technology: Modern engines with advanced technologies (variable valve timing, direct injection, etc.) will generally produce more horsepower than older designs.
* Manufacturer: Different manufacturers have different engineering approaches and tuning philosophies.
* Specific Model: Even within a single manufacturer's lineup, horsepower can vary significantly between models.
A 1.3-liter engine could produce anywhere from around 70 horsepower in an older, naturally aspirated design to over 150 horsepower in a modern turbocharged version.