Here's a general outline. Specifics might vary slightly depending on the exact engine configuration (Duratec 2.0L or Zetec 2.0L are possibilities for a 4-cylinder Cougar), so always refer to a repair manual specific to your vehicle's year, make, and model. A Haynes or Chilton manual is a good investment.
1. Preparation:
* Gather Tools: You'll likely need wrenches (metric), sockets, a ratchet, possibly a breaker bar, pliers, and a wire brush (to clean terminals).
* Consult a Repair Manual: A manual specific to your car will provide diagrams and detailed instructions, crucial for identifying components and their location.
* Raise and Secure the Vehicle: Safely lift the Cougar using jack stands. Never work under a vehicle supported only by a jack.
2. Accessing the Alternator:
* Locate the Alternator: The alternator is usually situated on the front of the engine, often near the bottom. Your repair manual will show its precise location.
* Remove Related Components (if necessary): There might be things blocking access like air cleaner housing, belts, or engine shrouds. You may need to remove or loosen these to access the alternator.
3. Disconnecting the Alternator:
* Disconnect the Battery Cable: Locate the large cable connected to the alternator's positive (+) terminal and carefully disconnect it.
* Disconnect the Wiring Harness Connector: This connector is usually smaller and plugs into the alternator. Unplug it gently.
* Remove the Alternator Belt: Use a belt tensioner tool (or the appropriate method for your Cougar's belt system) to loosen the belt and remove it from the alternator pulley.
4. Removing the Alternator:
* Remove Mounting Bolts: The alternator is held in place by bolts. Locate these bolts (usually two or three) and carefully remove them using the appropriate size wrench or socket.
* Remove the Alternator: Once the bolts are removed, carefully slide the alternator out of its position. It might be a bit snug, so take your time.
5. Installation (Reverse of Removal):
* Install the new or refurbished alternator by reversing the steps above.
* Ensure all bolts are tightened securely.
* Reconnect the wiring harness and battery cable.
* Reinstall the serpentine belt, ensuring it's properly routed around all pulleys. Check your manual for the correct routing.
* Lower the vehicle.
* Start the engine and check for any issues, such as belt squealing or warning lights.
Important Considerations:
* Belt Tension: Proper belt tension is critical. If the belt is too loose or too tight, it can cause problems. Consult your repair manual for specifications.
* Cleanliness: Clean the alternator mounting surfaces and terminals before reinstallation to improve the connection.
* Torque Specifications: Use a torque wrench to tighten all bolts to the manufacturer's specifications. This prevents damage to the alternator and its mounting points.
This is a general guide. Referencing a repair manual specific to your 2000 Mercury Cougar 4-cylinder is strongly recommended. If you are not comfortable performing this repair yourself, take your car to a qualified mechanic. Improperly installing the alternator can damage your vehicle's electrical system or lead to other problems.
