* Overheating: Low coolant leads to overheating. The engine's temperature sensors will detect this and trigger the light. This is the most likely scenario. You'll likely see other symptoms as well like the temperature gauge going up, steam from the engine compartment, or a noticeable lack of heat from the heater.
* Faulty sensor: A low coolant level might stress a sensor (like a coolant temperature sensor) causing it to malfunction and trigger the light.
* Other related issues: A leak causing low coolant might also damage other components that then trigger the check engine light.
In short: While not a direct cause, low coolant is a very strong *indicator* of a problem that *will* likely trigger a check engine light. You should immediately check your coolant level and add coolant if needed (use the correct type for your vehicle!), but then also take it to a mechanic to diagnose the underlying cause of the low coolant. Driving with low coolant can severely damage your engine.