I. Essential Maintenance:
* Regular Tune-Up: This is the single most important step. A tune-up should include:
* New Spark Plugs and Wires: Worn-out plugs and wires misfire, wasting fuel. Use the correct type recommended for your engine.
* New Air Filter: A clogged air filter restricts airflow, leading to poor combustion and reduced fuel efficiency. Replace it regularly (every 12,000-15,000 miles or as recommended in your owner's manual).
* Clean or Replace Fuel Filter: A dirty fuel filter restricts fuel flow, impacting performance and fuel economy.
* Check and Adjust (if necessary) Idle Air Control Valve (IACV): A faulty IACV can cause the engine to idle improperly, consuming more fuel.
* Throttle Body Cleaning: A clean throttle body ensures smooth airflow. Many auto parts stores offer this as a service.
* Tire Pressure: Properly inflated tires significantly impact fuel economy. Check your tire pressure regularly (at least monthly) and inflate to the recommended pressure listed on the sticker in your driver's side doorjamb, *not* the number printed on the tire sidewall.
* Wheel Alignment: Poor alignment forces the engine to work harder, reducing fuel efficiency. Get your alignment checked and corrected if necessary.
* Oxygen Sensor: A malfunctioning oxygen sensor prevents the engine from running efficiently. Have it checked as part of your emissions system inspection or if you notice poor performance or smell unburnt fuel.
* Transmission Service: (Automatic Transmission) A clean transmission fluid ensures smooth shifting and optimal performance. Follow the manufacturer's recommended service intervals.
* Check for Leaks: Inspect for fuel leaks (smell of gas, wet spots under the car), vacuum leaks (rough idle, poor performance), and coolant leaks (overheating, white smoke from the exhaust). Addressing these will greatly impact fuel economy and your engine's health.
II. Driving Habits:
* Smooth Acceleration and Braking: Avoid aggressive acceleration and sudden braking. Gentle acceleration and maintaining a consistent speed improve fuel economy.
* Maintain a Consistent Speed: Highway driving at a steady speed (ideally around 55-60 mph) is more fuel-efficient than constant speeding and braking.
* Avoid Idling: Turn off your engine if you're going to be stopped for more than a minute.
* Use Cruise Control (on highways): Cruise control helps maintain a consistent speed, improving fuel economy.
III. Potential Modifications (Generally less impactful than maintenance and driving habits):
* Aerodynamic Improvements: Adding a low-profile spoiler or other aerodynamic devices can slightly improve fuel economy, but the effect is often minimal on a truck like a Ranger.
* Lightweight Wheels/Tires: Lighter wheels and tires reduce the rotational inertia of the vehicle, making acceleration slightly easier and potentially improving fuel economy. The effect is also generally small.
Important Note: Before making any modifications, carefully consider their cost versus the potential fuel economy gains. Often, the return on investment is not very high, particularly on an older vehicle. Prioritizing proper maintenance and efficient driving habits will yield the most significant improvements in fuel economy.
