1. Fuel Pump: This is the most common cause.
* Listen for the pump: Turn the key to the "on" position (don't start the engine). You should hear a brief humming sound from the fuel pump (usually near the fuel tank). If you don't hear it, the pump might be faulty, or it might not be getting power.
* Check the fuel pump relay: Locate the fuel pump relay (consult your owner's manual or an online repair manual). Try swapping it with a known good relay of the same type. This eliminates the relay as a potential problem.
* Check the fuel pump fuse: Similar to the relay, a blown fuse will prevent the pump from working.
* Check for power at the pump: Using a test light or multimeter, check for power at the fuel pump's wiring connector. You'll need a wiring diagram to find the correct wires. There should be power when the ignition is on.
* Check fuel pressure: This requires a fuel pressure gauge. The gauge connects to the fuel rail. Your owner's manual or a repair manual will specify the correct fuel pressure. Low or no pressure points to a bad pump, clogged filter, or other fuel delivery issue.
2. Fuel Filter: A clogged fuel filter restricts fuel flow.
* Inspect the filter: Locate the fuel filter (usually near the fuel pump) and visually inspect it. If it's dirty or damaged, replace it.
3. Fuel Lines: Blockages or leaks in the fuel lines can prevent fuel from reaching the engine.
* Inspect the lines: Visually inspect all fuel lines for cracks, kinks, or other damage. Look for leaks.
4. Fuel Injector(s): The injectors spray fuel into the cylinders. Faulty injectors can be a cause. This is more difficult to diagnose without specialized tools.
* Check injector pulse (advanced): You'll need a noid light or a multimeter to test if the injectors are getting the electrical signal to fire.
5. Ignition System: While seemingly unrelated, problems with the ignition system (like a faulty crankshaft position sensor or distributor) can prevent the engine from starting even if there's fuel.
6. Fuel Tank:
* Check for fuel: Seems obvious, but make sure your tank actually has fuel.
* Check for debris: Debris in the tank can clog the fuel pickup.
Troubleshooting Steps:
1. Start with the easiest: Check the fuel level, listen for the fuel pump, and inspect the fuel filter.
2. Use a systematic approach: Work your way through the list above, checking each component.
3. Consult a repair manual: A repair manual specific to your 1988 Ford Ranger will provide detailed diagrams and instructions.
4. Get professional help: If you're not comfortable working on your vehicle, take it to a qualified mechanic.
Remember safety precautions when working with fuel and electrical components. Disconnect the battery negative terminal before starting any electrical work. Avoid sparks near fuel. If you're unsure about anything, seek professional assistance.
