* Aluminum alloys: These are favored for their lightweight properties, which contribute to better fuel efficiency and improved engine performance. However, they have lower heat resistance than cast iron. Therefore, special coatings and design features (like thicker walls in critical areas) are often employed to manage the intense heat.
* Cast iron: This is a more traditional material known for its excellent heat resistance and durability. It's heavier than aluminum, leading to a slight performance penalty, but it's also more resistant to wear and tear, particularly in high-stress areas like the cylinder head.
The specific alloy used varies depending on the engine design, manufacturer, and application (e.g., passenger car vs. heavy-duty truck). Furthermore, within the combustion chamber itself, different materials might be used for various components (e.g., valve seats).
