Could a bad fuel filter prevent the engine from starting? Yes, absolutely. If the filter is clogged, it prevents fuel from reaching the engine. The engine will crank (turn over) because the starter is working, but it won't fire because it's not getting fuel.
However, before jumping to conclusions about the fuel filter:
* Check the fuel pump: A weak or failed fuel pump is a far more common cause of a no-start condition where the engine cranks but won't run. You might hear the pump whirring briefly when you turn the key to the "on" position (before cranking). If you don't hear it, that's a strong indication of a fuel pump problem.
* Check for fuel pressure: This requires a fuel pressure gauge, and you would ideally need to consult a repair manual for the specific test points and pressure specifications. Low or no fuel pressure points directly to a fuel delivery issue.
* Check the fuel lines: Look for any obvious kinks, cracks, or leaks in the fuel lines.
* Ignition system: While less likely if the engine cranks, problems with the ignition system (spark plugs, wires, coil, distributor – depending on your engine type) can also prevent starting.
In short: A clogged fuel filter *could* be the culprit, but it's more prudent to systematically check the more common causes (fuel pump, fuel pressure) first before replacing the filter. Replacing the fuel filter is relatively inexpensive and easy, but it's a waste of time and money if the problem lies elsewhere. A repair manual specific to your 1999 Chevy Suburban is highly recommended.
