Tools You'll Need:
* Brake fluid: Use DOT 3 brake fluid. Never use anything else. The wrong fluid can damage your brake system.
* Bleeding wrench: A 8mm or 10mm wrench (depending on your car - check your bleeder valve size) that fits snugly over the bleeder valve. A line wrench or open-end wrench is best to avoid rounding the bleeder valve.
* Clear tubing: About 3 feet long, with an inside diameter to fit snugly over the bleeder valve.
* Jar or container: To catch the old brake fluid.
* Wrench (optional): To hold the caliper if you experience difficulty.
* Shop rags or paper towels: To clean up any spills.
* Gloves: Brake fluid is corrosive.
Procedure:
1. Safety First: Engage the parking brake firmly. Have someone sit in the car to operate the brake pedal.
2. Locate the Bleeder Valves: These are located on each brake caliper (front and rear). They are usually small, slightly protruding valves with a hex head.
3. Prepare the System: Ensure the brake fluid reservoir is topped off with fresh DOT 3 fluid. Check the fluid level frequently during the bleeding process. Never let the reservoir run dry.
4. Bleeding Sequence: The correct bleeding sequence is crucial for proper air removal. The standard sequence is: Rear passenger side, Rear driver's side, Front passenger side, Front driver's side. This is based on distance from the master cylinder. Some mechanics prefer starting from the furthest wheel to ensure the farthest point is purged efficiently.
5. Bleeding Process (for each wheel):
* Attach the clear tubing to the bleeder valve, and submerge the other end in the jar.
* Have your helper slowly and firmly pump the brake pedal several times.
* While the pedal is depressed, carefully open the bleeder valve one-half to one full turn with the wrench. Fluid and possibly air bubbles will flow through the tubing into the jar.
* Close the bleeder valve before your helper releases the brake pedal.
* Repeat steps (5a-5d) until the fluid running through the tube is clean and free of air bubbles.
6. Check Fluid Level: Throughout the bleeding process, continuously monitor and maintain the brake fluid level in the master cylinder reservoir. Add more fluid as needed.
7. Repeat for Other Wheels: Repeat steps 5 for each wheel, following the correct bleeding sequence.
8. Test the Brakes: Once all wheels are bled, have your helper pump the brake pedal several times. The pedal should feel firm and responsive. If it feels spongy, you may need to repeat the bleeding process.
9. Test Drive: After bleeding the brakes, conduct a slow test drive to ensure the brakes are functioning correctly. If anything feels off, have the brakes inspected by a professional.
Important Considerations:
* Air in the lines: If you notice a lot of air, you may have a leak somewhere in the system. Professional help is needed in this case.
* Power Brake System: The 1991 Ford Tempo likely has a power brake system. The power assist makes bleeding easier, but it's still essential to follow the procedure carefully.
* Brake fluid is corrosive: Clean up any spills immediately. If brake fluid gets on your paint, it can damage it.
* If you are uncomfortable performing this task, take your car to a qualified mechanic. Improperly bled brakes are dangerous.
This guide provides a general overview. Always consult your vehicle's repair manual for specific instructions and torque specifications. Improper bleeding can lead to brake failure, so if you have any doubts, seek professional assistance.
