1. Superchargers: These are mechanically driven compressors that use engine power to pressurize the intake air. They're typically belt-driven and offer relatively consistent boost across the RPM range, though boost levels are generally lower than with turbochargers. Different types exist, including:
* Roots-type: These use two lobes to pump air. They're known for their strong low-end torque but can be less efficient at higher RPMs.
* Screw-type: Similar to Roots-type but use helical screws for smoother operation and potentially higher efficiency.
* Centrifugal: These use an impeller to accelerate air, creating pressure. They offer higher boost at higher RPMs, making them better suited for high-performance applications.
2. Turbochargers: These use exhaust gas to spin a turbine, which in turn drives a compressor to pressurize the intake air. They are more efficient than superchargers because they don't directly consume engine power (though they do slightly reduce exhaust flow). They're known for their ability to produce significant power gains but often have a noticeable "turbo lag" – a delay in boost building up at low RPMs.
3. Nitrous Oxide Injection: This isn't strictly "supercharging" in the same sense, but it does dramatically increase power output. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is injected into the intake manifold. When it decomposes in the combustion chamber, it releases oxygen, allowing for significantly richer fuel mixtures and a substantial increase in power. However, it's typically used for short bursts of power and can be hard on engine components if misused.
4. Engine Modifications: Supercharging/turbocharging is often accompanied by other modifications to handle the increased power and stress:
* Strengthened internals: Connecting rods, pistons, and crankshaft need to be upgraded to withstand higher pressures and forces.
* Improved cooling system: Higher power output generates more heat, requiring a more efficient cooling system (larger radiator, upgraded fans, etc.).
* Upgraded fuel system: A larger fuel pump and injectors are needed to deliver the increased fuel required for the richer air/fuel mixtures.
* Exhaust system upgrades: A free-flowing exhaust system is crucial to prevent backpressure and maximize performance.
* Engine Management System (EMS) tuning: This is absolutely critical. The EMS needs to be recalibrated to accurately control the air/fuel ratio, ignition timing, and other parameters for optimal performance and to prevent damage to the engine.
In short: Supercharging involves boosting engine power by forcing more air into the combustion chambers, typically through mechanical (supercharger) or exhaust-driven (turbocharger) means. It requires significant modifications to the engine and its supporting systems to handle the increased power and stress. Improper installation or tuning can lead to serious engine damage. Professional installation and tuning are highly recommended.
