Tools You'll Likely Need:
* Jack and jack stands: Crucial for safety. Never work under a vehicle supported only by a jack.
* Wheel chocks: To secure the other wheels.
* Lug wrench: To remove the wheel.
* Socket set and wrenches: Various sizes, including metric and standard.
* Ball joint separator: To separate the ball joint from the steering knuckle.
* Hammer and punch: Possibly needed for stubborn parts.
* Pickle fork (optional but helpful): Can help separate ball joints, but use caution to avoid damage.
* Penetrating oil (PB Blaster or similar): Essential for loosening rusted bolts.
* Torque wrench: To tighten bolts to the correct specifications.
* Axle nut socket: This is often a large socket, and sometimes a special one.
* New axle: Make sure you get the correct replacement axle for your specific truck.
* Safety glasses and gloves: Protect yourself.
* Shop rags: To clean up grease and oil.
General Steps (Consult your repair manual for precise details):
1. Safety First: Park on a level surface, engage the parking brake, and chock the rear wheels. Disconnect the negative battery terminal.
2. Remove the Wheel: Remove the lug nuts and take off the front driver's side wheel.
3. Disconnect the Axle:
* Brake Caliper: Remove the brake caliper and hang it out of the way using a wire or bungee cord. Do *not* let the brake line hang freely.
* ABS Sensor (if equipped): Carefully disconnect the ABS sensor wire if present.
* Tie Rod End: Disconnect the tie rod end from the steering knuckle. You'll likely need a tie rod separator tool.
* Ball Joint: Separate the ball joint from the steering knuckle. A ball joint separator is highly recommended to avoid damaging the knuckle. A pickle fork can be used but carries a higher risk of damage.
* Axle Nut: Remove the large axle nut. This nut can be extremely tight. Use penetrating oil and a breaker bar if needed.
4. Remove the Axle Shaft: Once all the components are disconnected, the axle shaft should slide out of the differential. You may need to gently tap it with a hammer to dislodge it.
5. Install the New Axle: Carefully install the new axle shaft, ensuring it's seated properly.
6. Reassemble Everything: Reassemble all the components in reverse order of disassembly, ensuring everything is properly aligned and tightened to the correct torque specifications (consult your repair manual). Pay close attention to the axle nut; it's crucial for proper wheel bearing operation and safety.
7. Check for Leaks: After reassembly, check for any leaks around the axle seals.
8. Test Drive: After a short test drive, recheck all nuts and bolts to ensure they remain tight.
Important Considerations:
* 4x4 Specifics: 4x4 systems have additional components that need to be considered. Your repair manual will guide you through these specifics.
* Wheel Bearings: Inspect the wheel bearings while the axle is out. If they are damaged or worn, replace them.
* Hub Assembly: On some Rangers, the hub assembly might be integrated with the bearings and axle. This would require replacing the entire assembly.
* Manual vs. Automatic Hubs: If you have manual locking hubs, you'll need to engage them properly before reinstalling the wheel.
This is a simplified overview. This procedure is best done with a repair manual specific to your 1986 Ford Ranger XLT 4x4. Improperly installing an axle can lead to serious safety hazards. If you're not comfortable with this task, seek professional help from a qualified mechanic.
