* Fuel Pump: The most probable cause is a failing fuel pump. Even with a new filter, a weak or failing pump may not be able to deliver enough fuel pressure to the engine. The starter fluid bypasses the fuel pump, providing the immediate fuel needed for a short burst of combustion.
* Fuel Pump Relay: The fuel pump relay might be faulty. This relay acts as a switch, turning the fuel pump on and off. A bad relay would prevent the pump from running even if the pump itself is fine.
* Clogged Fuel Injector(s): Although less likely given the recent filter change, it's possible one or more fuel injectors are clogged. This would restrict fuel flow to the cylinders.
* Incorrect Fuel Filter Installation: While less probable, it's possible the new fuel filter was installed incorrectly, causing a restriction or leak. Double-check the filter's installation.
* Fuel Pressure Regulator: This component regulates fuel pressure in the system. A faulty regulator could lead to insufficient fuel pressure.
* Wiring Issues: Check the wiring to the fuel pump and relay for any damage, corrosion, or loose connections.
Troubleshooting Steps:
1. Check Fuel Pressure: This is the most important step. You'll need a fuel pressure gauge to measure the pressure at the fuel rail. Compare the reading to the specifications in your Camaro's repair manual. Low pressure points to a fuel pump, regulator, or possibly a clogged injector.
2. Check the Fuel Pump Relay: Locate the fuel pump relay (consult your owner's manual or online resources for its location). You can often swap it with another relay of the same amperage (if possible, without causing other issues) to see if that resolves the problem.
3. Inspect the Fuel Lines: Look for any cracks, kinks, or leaks in the fuel lines.
4. Check for Spark: While starter fluid got it running, confirm you have a good spark. A bad ignition coil, distributor, wires, or spark plugs could still be involved.
5. Re-check Fuel Filter Installation: Ensure the filter was installed correctly, with proper orientation and tight connections.
It's highly recommended to check fuel pressure first. If you lack the expertise or tools for these checks, take it to a qualified mechanic. Continuing to use starter fluid is dangerous and could damage your engine.