No, a 1978 Chevy Nova's TH350 transmission will *not* directly bolt up to a 350 V8 without potentially needing an adapter plate. While both are commonly found in the same era of vehicles, the specific bolt pattern on the engine's bellhousing can vary slightly depending on the year and specific engine configuration (e.g., different engine blocks, variations within the small-block 350 family).
You'll need to verify the bellhousing bolt pattern on *both* the transmission and the engine to ensure compatibility. If they don't match, you'll require an adapter plate to make them work together. This is a fairly common modification but requires careful selection of the right adapter to ensure proper alignment and strength.