1. Battery and Electrical System:
* Battery Voltage: This is the most common culprit. Use a voltmeter to check the battery voltage. It should read around 12.6V when not cranking. If it's significantly lower (e.g., below 12V), the battery is likely dead or weak. Have it load tested at an auto parts store to determine its condition.
* Battery Connections: Inspect the battery terminals for corrosion, looseness, or damage. Clean them thoroughly with a wire brush and baking soda solution if needed, and ensure they are securely tightened. Check all ground connections as well – a poor ground can prevent the system from working correctly.
* Alternator: While the alternator's primary job is charging the battery while the engine runs, a faulty alternator could also prevent starting if the battery is already weak. Test the alternator's output voltage while the engine is running (it should be around 13.5-14.5V).
* Fuses and Relays: Check the fuses and relays related to the ignition system and fuel pump. A blown fuse or faulty relay can interrupt the power supply to crucial components. Consult your owner's manual for fuse box locations and diagrams. Pay close attention to fuses related to the fuel pump and ignition system.
* Ignition Switch: A faulty ignition switch could be preventing power from reaching the necessary components. This is less common but possible.
2. Ignition System:
* Spark: A lack of spark is a common reason for a no-start condition. You'll need a spark tester to check if spark is reaching the spark plugs. If there's no spark, investigate the ignition coil, distributor (if equipped), ignition control module (if equipped), and wiring.
* Crankshaft Position Sensor (CKP Sensor): This sensor tells the computer the position of the crankshaft, which is essential for timing the spark. A faulty CKP sensor can prevent the engine from starting.
3. Fuel System:
* Fuel Pump: Listen carefully while someone cranks the engine. You should hear the fuel pump prime for a few seconds when the key is turned to the "on" position (before cranking). If you don't hear it, the fuel pump relay or the pump itself may be faulty.
* Fuel Filter: A clogged fuel filter can restrict fuel flow to the engine, preventing it from starting.
* Fuel Pressure: A fuel pressure gauge can be used to accurately measure fuel pressure. Low fuel pressure indicates problems with the fuel pump, filter, or fuel injectors.
4. Gauges Not Illuminating:
The fact that the dash gauges aren't illuminating when the key is turned on suggests a deeper electrical problem, possibly related to the ignition switch, a blown fuse in the gauge cluster circuit, a faulty gauge cluster itself, or a problem with the main power supply to the instrument panel. This should be investigated alongside the starting issue.
Troubleshooting Steps:
1. Start with the easiest checks: Battery voltage, connections, and fuses.
2. Listen for the fuel pump: Does it prime when you turn the key?
3. Check for spark: This requires a spark tester.
4. If all basic checks pass: You'll likely need a more in-depth diagnostic scan using an OBD-II scanner (for 1996 and later models) to check for any trouble codes stored by the engine control module (ECM). A professional mechanic may be necessary at this point.
Remember safety first! Disconnect the negative battery terminal before working on any electrical components. If you're not comfortable working on your vehicle's electrical system, it's best to take it to a qualified mechanic.
