What happens *before* complete failure often includes:
* Rattling noise: This is the most common early symptom, worsening over time.
* Rough running: The engine may run poorly, misfire, or hesitate, especially at idle or under load.
* Reduced power: The engine may lack power or struggle to accelerate.
* Check engine light: The light might illuminate, indicating a misfire or other problem related to the engine's timing.
The "extending" you mention is likely referring to the timing chain's slack increasing over time. It doesn't "extend" in length like a rubber band, but the components wear, allowing the chain to move around more freely and ultimately jump timing. This jump is what typically causes a complete engine failure.
Once the chain is completely out of time: the pistons and valves can collide, causing catastrophic internal engine damage. This can be very expensive to repair. This collision is what happens when the engine simply dies suddenly after a period of rattling. The damage can range from bent valves to cracked pistons or even a hole in the engine block.
In short: The rattling is a clear warning sign. Ignoring a rattling timing chain can lead to significant, and costly engine damage. If you hear a rattling noise from your engine, especially one that's related to timing, it needs immediate professional attention.