* Ignition Coil: This component steps up the relatively low voltage from the battery (12V) to a very high voltage (tens of thousands of volts) needed to jump the gap in the spark plug.
* Ignition Module (or Control Unit): This electronic component controls the timing of the spark, receiving signals from the engine's computer (ECU) or distributor (in older systems). It activates the ignition coil at precisely the right moment.
* Distributor (in older systems): This mechanical component distributes the high-voltage spark to the correct spark plug cylinder at the right time, rotating in sync with the engine's crankshaft. Modern engines typically do not use distributors.
* Spark Plug: This component has a gap between two electrodes. The high voltage from the ignition coil creates an arc (spark) across this gap, igniting the compressed air-fuel mixture.
In short, the spark is the result of a carefully timed and precisely controlled high-voltage electrical discharge across the spark plug gap. Any malfunction in any of the components listed above can prevent or weaken the spark, leading to misfires or engine failure.
