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What do the codes 12 21 and 55 mean for a Dodge 318 Dakota 5.2 liter engine?

Those codes (12, 21, and 55) aren't standard OBD-II trouble codes for a Dodge Dakota with a 5.2L (318 cubic inch) engine. OBD-II codes are generally three or four digits. These numbers likely represent something specific to the Dakota's onboard diagnostic system *before* OBD-II became standard. Without knowing the specific year of your Dakota, it's impossible to definitively say what they mean.

Older vehicles might use a simpler diagnostic system with unique codes for that particular make and model. To decipher these codes, you'll need:

* A repair manual specific to your Dodge Dakota's year and model. This manual will contain a section on diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) or diagnostic codes. Look for a section covering the system your Dakota uses for trouble codes.

* Possibly a multimeter and some familiarity with automotive electrical systems. Some older systems required checking specific voltage points or circuit continuity rather than just reading a code from a computer.

Without the year of your truck, I can't assist further in decoding those codes. The repair manual is your key to understanding them.