* MAP (Manifold Absolute Pressure) Sensor: This sensor measures the pressure in the intake manifold, indicating engine load. This is crucial for determining how much fuel is needed.
* MAF (Mass Air Flow) Sensor: This sensor measures the amount of air entering the engine. This is directly proportional to the amount of fuel required for proper combustion. This is usually the primary sensor for air measurement in this era of vehicles.
* IAT (Intake Air Temperature) Sensor: This sensor measures the temperature of the air entering the engine. Colder air is denser, requiring a richer mixture.
* TPS (Throttle Position Sensor): This sensor tells the PCM how far open the throttle is, indicating the driver's demand for power.
* ECT (Engine Coolant Temperature) Sensor: The engine's coolant temperature influences the fuel mixture, especially during warm-up. A cold engine needs a richer mixture.
* O2 (Oxygen) Sensor(s): Located in the exhaust, the O2 sensor(s) measure the amount of unburnt oxygen in the exhaust. This feedback allows the PCM to make fine adjustments to the fuel mixture for optimal combustion and emissions. This is a closed-loop system; the PCM uses the O2 sensor feedback to constantly adjust the fuel delivery.
While other sensors contribute to overall engine operation (like crankshaft position sensor, camshaft position sensor), these listed above are the primary sensors directly involved in controlling the air/fuel mixture in a 1995 S-10 4.3L Vortec. The PCM uses the data from all these sensors to calculate and deliver the appropriate fuel quantity.
