What is the normal running temperature of a 454 big block Chevy?

The normal operating temperature for a 454 big-block Chevy, or any modern vehicle engine for that matter, is generally between 195-220°F (90-104°C). However, there's some variability depending on factors like:

* Ambient temperature: On a very hot day, the engine might run slightly hotter.

* Engine load: Heavy loads will cause higher temperatures.

* Coolant condition: Old, dirty, or low coolant will cause higher temperatures.

* Thermostat: A malfunctioning thermostat can cause the engine to run too hot or too cold.

* Radiator condition: A clogged or damaged radiator will also cause higher operating temperatures.

* Cooling fan operation: A malfunctioning fan will lead to higher temperatures.

While 220°F is generally considered the upper limit of the normal range, exceeding that consistently suggests a problem needs attention. Always consult your vehicle's owner's manual for the manufacturer's specific recommendations.