Here's a simplified explanation of how a turbo works:
1. Exhaust Gas Energy Capture: The turbocharger is connected to the exhaust system of an engine. When the engine's exhaust gases are expelled, they flow through a turbine wheel inside the turbo housing.
2. Turbine Wheel Rotation: The high-pressure exhaust gases cause the turbine wheel to spin rapidly, often reaching tens of thousands of revolutions per minute (RPM).
3. Centrifugal Compressor: On the other side of the turbocharger, there is a centrifugal compressor wheel connected to the turbine wheel. As the turbine wheel spins, it drives the compressor wheel through a shared shaft.
4. Air Compression: The compressor wheel draws in air from the atmosphere, compresses it, and increases its pressure. The compressed air is then forced into the engine's intake system.
5. Intercooling (Optional): In some turbocharged engines, an intercooler is used between the turbocharger and the intake system. The intercooler helps cool the compressed air, increasing its density and efficiency.
6. Increased Oxygen and Fuel: The denser, pressurized air delivered by the turbocharger contains more oxygen. When mixed with fuel in the engine's cylinders, it allows for a more efficient combustion and a greater release of energy.
7. Power Boost: The increased pressure and oxygen content enable the engine to burn more fuel and produce more power than it could without the turbocharger.
By harnessing the energy from exhaust gases, a turbocharger effectively "recycles" the exhaust energy and uses it to improve engine performance and efficiency. However, it's important to note that turbocharging systems are often more complex and require additional considerations such as proper engine management, air-fuel ratios, and cooling to avoid potential issues like engine knock or excessive heat.
