1. Distillation: The crude oil is heated in a distillation column, which separates it into different fractions based on their boiling points. The fractions containing gasoline are collected and further processed.
2. Conversion: The gasoline fractions undergo various conversion processes, such as cracking and reforming, which break down heavy molecules into lighter, more valuable ones. These processes also help remove impurities and improve the octane rating of the gasoline.
3. Treating: The gasoline is treated with chemicals to remove remaining impurities and to improve its quality and performance. This may include processes such as hydrotreating, sweetening, and blending.
4. Additives: Additives are blended into the gasoline to enhance its properties and performance, such as detergents for cleaning fuel injectors, octane boosters for increasing engine power, and antioxidants for improving stability.
After all these stages are completed, the gasoline is ready for distribution and sale. The overall refining process can take anywhere from a few weeks to several months, depending on the specific refinery and the desired product quality.
