1. Fuel Preparation: The fossil fuel (coal, natural gas, or oil) undergoes preparation before combustion. Coal is crushed into a fine powder, natural gas is piped directly to the plant, and oil is heated to a gaseous state.
2. Combustion: In a boiler or combustion chamber, the fossil fuel is burned in the presence of air. This process generates heat, releasing energy stored in the fuel.
3. Steam Generation: The heat from combustion turns water in the boiler into steam under high pressure.
4. Steam Turbine: The high-pressure steam is directed to a steam turbine. As the steam passes through the turbine's blades, it causes them to rotate rapidly due to the force exerted by the steam's expansion.
5. Generator: The rotating turbine shaft is connected to a generator. As the turbine spins, it induces the movement of electrons in the generator's windings, generating an electric current.
6. Cooling System: After passing through the turbine, the steam is condensed back into water in a condenser using a cooling medium like river water or air. This process also creates a vacuum that helps draw more steam through the turbine.
7. Electrical Distribution: The electric current generated by the generator is then sent to transformers, where the voltage is increased for efficient transmission over long distances through power lines.
8. Grid Connection: The power plant connects to the electrical grid, and the generated electricity is distributed to consumers through substations and power lines, providing energy for homes, industries, and businesses.
9. Emission Controls: Throughout the process, various emission control systems are used to minimize the release of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter into the atmosphere.
