Here's why a helicopter engine is generally unlikely to stall during an ash storm:
1. Compressor Design: Gas turbine engines have multi-stage compressors, and each stage has multiple blades carefully shaped to efficiently direct airflow. These blades are designed to withstand impact from solid particles such as dust, sand, volcanic ash, and even small pebbles.
2. Compressor Washing Systems: Helicopters often operate in environments with dust and debris. To prevent dirt from accumulating in the compressor, many helicopters are equipped with "compressor washing systems." These systems spray a fine mist of water or fluid into the compressor, which helps to dislodge any particles that may have entered.
3. Engine Filtration Systems: In environments with excessive dust and ash, helicopters can be equipped with additional air filtration systems. These filters further capture and remove particles before they reach the engine's compressor.
4. Hot Section Protection: Gas turbine engines have advanced materials and coatings to withstand the high temperatures and harsh environments encountered during operation. These coatings help protect the engine's hot sections, including turbines and exhaust nozzles, from erosion caused by solid particles.
While some helicopters may experience issues during heavy ashfall due to clogging of air filters or other external components, modern helicopters and engine designs minimize these risks. Helicopter operators employ various preventative measures such as regular cleaning and maintenance, filter replacements, and flight restrictions in severe conditions to ensure the safety and reliability of their aircraft during volcanic ash storms.
