1. Cylinder Block:
- The main structure that houses the cylinders and provides support for other components.
- Made of cast iron or aluminum, it ensures durability and heat management.
2. Cylinder Head:
- Located at the top of the cylinder block, it forms the combustion chamber.
- Contains valves that control the flow of air and fuel into and out of the cylinders.
3. Pistons:
- Move up and down inside the cylinders, compressing the air-fuel mixture and generating power.
- Connected to the crankshaft through connecting rods.
4. Crankshaft:
- Converts the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotational motion.
- Transmits power to the transmission and other engine accessories.
5. Camshaft:
- Controls the opening and closing of valves.
- Driven by the crankshaft through a timing belt or chain.
6. Valves:
- Allow air and fuel to enter the cylinders and exhaust gases to escape.
- Controlled by the camshaft.
7. Piston Rings:
- Fitted around the pistons to seal the combustion chamber and prevent leakage.
8. Spark Plugs (in gasoline engines):
- Generate sparks to ignite the air-fuel mixture.
9. Fuel Injectors (in gasoline engines):
- Deliver fuel directly into the cylinders.
10. Carburetor (in older gasoline engines):
- Mixes fuel with air before it enters the cylinders.
11. Glow Plugs (in diesel engines):
- Pre-heat the air inside the cylinders to facilitate ignition in diesel engines.
12. Fuel Pump:
- Supplies fuel to the injectors or carburetor.
13. Oil Pump:
- Circulates oil throughout the engine to provide lubrication and cooling.
14. Water Pump:
- Circulates coolant to regulate engine temperature.
15. Intake and Exhaust Manifolds:
- Allow air and fuel to enter, and exhaust gases to exit the engine.
16. Timing Belt or Chain:
- Synchronizes the movement of the camshaft with the crankshaft.
17. Starter Motor:
- Engages the flywheel to start the engine.
18. Alternator:
- Generates electrical power for the vehicle's electrical systems and recharges the battery.
19. Turbocharger or Supercharger:
- Increases engine power by compressing air before it enters the cylinders.
20. EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) Valve:
- Reduces emissions by recirculating a portion of exhaust gas into the intake system.
These components work together to transform thermal energy from the combustion process into mechanical energy, enabling vehicles to move.
