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What is the purpose of a camshaft?

A camshaft is a shaft with a series of cams (lobes and depressions) along its length that convert rotary motion into reciprocating motion by means of followers (such as rocker arms), which, in turn, open and close the engine's valves to control the fuel/air intake and exhaust gas cycles of a piston engine. The camshaft is driven by the crankshaft at half crankshaft speed via a timing belt, timing chain, or gears. Each cam lobe has a specific shape that dictates the duration and amount of valve lift. Camshafts play a crucial role in determining the performance characteristics of an engine. Customizing or upgrading them is a common practice in engine tuning for performance applications.
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