- Cylinder block: It forms the main structure of the engine and provides support to other components. Cylinders are machined into it, where the pistons move up and down.
- Cylinder head: Located at the top of the cylinder block, it forms the combustion chamber together with the piston. It contains valves, a spark plug, and fuel injectors (in case of gasoline engines).
- Pistons: Move up and down inside the cylinders, creating compression and power.
- Piston rings: Fit into grooves on the piston and help create a seal between the piston and cylinder walls, preventing gases from escaping.
- Connecting rods: Connect the pistons to the crankshaft.
- Crankshaft: Consists of a series of journals, which the connecting rods attach to, and crank throws that convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotational motion.
- Camshaft: Controls the opening and closing of engine valves.
- Timing belt or chain: Synchronizes the rotation of the crankshaft with the camshaft.
- Oil pump: Circulates oil throughout the engine to lubricate moving parts.
- Water pump: Circulates coolant through the engine to maintain optimal operating temperature.
- Fuel injector or carburetor: Delivers fuel into the engine (except in diesel engines).
- Spark plug: Generates an electric spark to ignite the fuel-air mixture in gasoline engines.
- Exhaust manifold: Collects and directs exhaust gases away from the engine.
- Turbocharger or supercharger: Increases air pressure to optimize fuel combustion.
- Flywheel: Helps maintain a smooth rotational motion of the crankshaft.
- Starter motor: Engages the flywheel to start the engine.
- Alternator: Generates electricity to power various electrical components in the vehicle.
