1. Lubrication: The primary role of motor oil is to provide lubrication between moving parts of the engine, such as pistons, piston rings, camshafts, and bearings. It creates a thin film that separates these components, reducing friction and preventing metal-to-metal contact. This minimizes wear and tear on engine parts and extends the overall lifespan of the engine.
2. Cooling: Motor oil helps dissipate heat generated by the engine's components. As it circulates through the engine, it absorbs heat from critical areas and carries it to the oil pan, where it can be dissipated through the cooling system. Effective heat transfer helps prevent overheating and ensures the engine operates at an optimal temperature.
3. Cleaning and Detergency: Motor oil contains detergents and dispersants that help keep the engine clean by preventing the formation of sludge and varnish deposits. It also suspends dirt, soot, and other contaminants in the oil, preventing them from accumulating on engine surfaces and causing damage.
4. Rust and Corrosion Protection: Motor oil acts as a protective barrier against moisture and oxygen that can cause rust and corrosion inside the engine. It contains anti-corrosion additives that help neutralize acids and prevent the formation of rust.
5. Sealing Properties: Motor oil helps seal gaps between piston rings and cylinder walls, improving compression and reducing oil consumption.
6. Viscosity Index: The viscosity of motor oil is crucial for maintaining proper lubrication under varying temperature conditions. Multi-grade motor oils, indicated by a dual-number viscosity rating (such as 5W-30 or 10W-40), are formulated to maintain suitable oil viscosity at both low and high temperatures. This ensures adequate lubrication during cold starts and maintains proper oil film strength at high operating temperatures.
Regular changes of motor oil at recommended intervals are essential to ensure its effectiveness in protecting and lubricating the engine. Old, contaminated oil can lose its lubricating properties and lead to increased wear, reduced performance, and potential engine damage.
