1. Cylinder block: The cylinder block is the main structural component of the engine. It houses the cylinders, which are the chambers where the pistons move up and down.
2. Cylinder head: The cylinder head is located at the top of the cylinder block and forms the combustion chamber. It also contains the valves that control the flow of air and fuel into and out of the cylinders.
3. Pistons: The pistons are cylindrical-shaped components that move up and down inside the cylinders. They are responsible for compressing the air-fuel mixture and transmitting the force generated by combustion to the crankshaft.
4. Connecting rods: The connecting rods connect the pistons to the crankshaft. They transmit the force from the pistons to the crankshaft, causing it to rotate.
5. Crankshaft: The crankshaft is a rotating shaft that converts the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotational motion.
6. Camshaft: The camshaft is a shaft that controls the opening and closing of the valves. It rotates at half the speed of the crankshaft and is driven by a timing belt or chain.
7. Oil pump: The oil pump circulates oil throughout the engine to lubricate the moving parts and cool the engine.
8. Water pump: The water pump circulates coolant through the engine to regulate its temperature.
9. Fuel injector: In gasoline engines, fuel injectors spray fuel into the cylinders. In diesel engines, injectors spray diesel fuel directly into the combustion chamber.
10. Spark plug: In gasoline engines, spark plugs provide the spark that ignites the air-fuel mixture. Diesel engines do not have spark plugs because the fuel ignites due to the heat generated by compression.
In addition to these main components, there are numerous other parts in an engine such as bearings, gaskets, sensors, and electronic control units. The exact number of parts can vary significantly depending on the engine's complexity and design.
