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How does a car know when to change the oil?

A car does not "know" when to change the oil by itself. Oil change intervals are determined by the vehicle manufacturer and are based on factors such as mileage, operating conditions, and type of oil used. These intervals are usually specified in the car's owner's manual. To ensure optimal engine performance and avoid unnecessary wear and tear, it is crucial to follow the recommended oil change schedule and use the correct type of oil specified by the manufacturer. Some modern cars may utilize "intelligent oil-life monitoring systems" that track driving patterns and engine conditions to provide an approximation of when the oil needs to be changed, but even these systems rely on information provided by the car's sensors and should not be used as a complete replacement for following the manufacturer's guidelines. Neglecting regular oil changes can lead to premature engine wear, reduced performance, and potentially costly repairs